Geoege donald



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE DONALD, OF NORTH ADAMS, MASSACHUSETTS,-ASSIGNOR TO THE ARNOLDPRINT WORKS, OF SAME PLACE.

PROCESS OF PRINTING ON COTTON.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 499,161, dated June 6,1893.

Application filed February 1, 1893. Serial No. 460,559. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE DONALD, of North Adams, in the county ofBerkshire and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented certainimprovements in the process of producing and fixing colored figures incotton material in,conjunction with grounds of contrasting colors, ofwhich the following is a specification.

The invention relates to improvements in the process by which figures inthe basic aniline colors can be produced and fixed upon.

cotton material by a mordant of one of the metallic tannates, inconjunction with a ground of contrasting color of alizarine or other dyewhich has chemical affinity for a metallic mordant such as hereinaftermentioned.

Heretofore imperfect and unsatisfactory results have been obtained inprinting colored figures upon or in conjunction with grounds ofcontrasting color by the pigment method, and alsoin various instances byprinting with aniline colors; for by these prior methods, either thecolors have lacked clearness and brilliancy or permanency anddurability, which two latter characteristics are the distinguishingfeatures of the calicoes produced by my improved process, by which alsoan almost endless variety of figures containing many different colors orshades may be produced upon dark as well as upon light grounds. Myinvention consists in producing upon cotton material any desired figuresby what are known as basic aniline colors, or those which are fixed byametallic tannate, in conjunction with or upon grounds of contrastingcolors, dyed with madder, alizarine, or other suitable coloring matter,by applying to the material a suitable mordant for the aniline color,such as tannate of antimony, or other suitable metallic tannate, and asuitable mordant for the alizarine or other dye used, such as acetate ofalumina, chromium, iron, or other suitable metallic salt, or thesulphocyanides, or basic sulphates of the said metals, or combinationsof them according to the color or shade of color desired, as is wellknown; then printing upon this mordanted material with the aniline colormixed with a discharge for the metallic dye-mordant, such as citric,tartaric or other organic acid, or an alkaline salt of said acids, forexample, citrate of soda, potash, or ammonia, may be employed as thedischarge in place of the acid, and after steaming, dunging and washingthe material, dye it with the alizarine or other coloring matter toproduce the ground and finally cleansing in the usual manner.

A specific, concrete description of my improved process is as follows:First, treat the o0 fabric or other cotton material with an astringentsolution containingfrom one and onehalf to two ounces of tannic acid toeach gallon of water; then dry. Second, pass the material through asolution containing about 6=' two ounces of a salt of antimony to eachgallon of water, wash and dry. Third, for a red ground, pad with acetateof alumina, (strength according to shade desired); dry-preferably at alow temperature. Fourth, print in the 7c figures desired, with a mixturecomposed of one-fourth of a gallon of an aniline color solution,consisting, for example, of one pound of methylene blue, dissolved inone gallon of acetic acid, and one gallon of a standard discharge,consisting of one gallon of water, four pounds (zfgum-substitute, onepound of starch and fou, pounds of citric acid; then steam, dung andcleanse. Fifth, dye with alizarine; then wash, cleanse and'finish in theusual manner.

The mostdesirable mode of procedure in the practice of this process isto apply the mordants, for the aniline colors and the dyes, to thematerial before the colors are applied, 8 5 but as in the processdescribed in my application Serial No. 458,526 the ingredients of themordant for the aniline colors must be applied successively, althoughtheir sequence and order of application in the several steps of theprocess may be varied, except in the present process both should beapplied before the dyeing operation. But the result may be obtained witha greater or less degree of success by varying the order of the steps inthe mode of procedure and the time when the mordants or the ingredientswhich form the aniline mordant are applied to the cotton material. Forexample, the following modified modes of procedure may be employed: Padwith tannic acid, dry; pad with acetate of alumina, dry; print withaniline color, discharge; steam, dung, &c., then dye; or again,-

pad'with tannic acid' and acetate of alumina or other metallic salt,with a solvent for the tannate formed; print with aniline color, organicacid and salt of antimony; steam,'dung, &c., then dye. portions ofingredients may be used in these modified modes as in the concreteillustration hereinabove given and about four ounces of acetic acid maybe used asa solvent-for the tannate of alumina, or other tannate formed,

in the last two modes. It will be observed.

that in these modified modes the inordants areapplied to the "materialeither before the colorswliich they'areintended to fix, or in twoinstances one of the ingredients to form the mordant for the anilinecolor is applied simultaneously witlrthe color, but as the otheringredient has previously been applied to the H Substantially the samepro material, the chemical reaction takes place there a'nd will thus fixtheanilinecolor,

It will be understood bytheca'lico printer that the ingredients andproportions of ingredients which are used must be varied according tothe color, and depth of shade of color desired to be produced.

Iclaim-- The process of producing and fixing in cotton material, figuresin colors which are fixed by metallic tannate inordants, such as basicaniline colors, in conjunction with dyed grounds of contrasting color;which consists in applying to the material a metallictannato and a mordant for the dye; printing upon the material so mordanted the desiredfigures with the color to be fixed by the metallic taning to producetheground in the colorde sired, substantially as; described.

G Q E NA D- Witnesses:

Pyr'naeonas Born, W. A. GALLUP.

